Manufactured and exported under ISO 9001 certified protocols by Yanxatech System Industries Limited (YANXA) with full batch COA, SDS, and technical compliance.
Ultra-pure noble gas engineered for semiconductor lithography, excimer lasers, and insulated glass window manufacturing with verifiable chromatography.
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Analytical grade crystalline oxidizer and mordant used widely in catalyst matrix synthesis, advanced textile treatments, and optical glass refinement.
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Controlled inert gas atomized spherical powder offering high tap density, uniform stoichiometry, and precise reactivity for additive manufacturing.
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Industrial cryogenic shielding gas for clean arc welding, vacuum metallurgical degasification, and inert reaction blanketing.
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Specialty polyether polyol with narrow molecular weight distribution tailored for elastomeric polyurethane syntheses and chemical modifiers.
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Micro-lamellar zinc flake powder optimized for anti-corrosive Dacromet coatings, conductive paste formulation, and cold galvanizing systems.
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Synergistic zinc-aluminum lamellar alloy particulate providing superior barrier resistance, sacrificial anode protection, and thermal stability.
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Super-fine inorganic phosphate fulfilling FCC and pharmaceutical monographs, functioning as an essential flow agent, excipient, and mineral base.
China Tricalcium Phosphate Pricelist, QuotesDeconstructing Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) and Poly(ethylene oxide) across synthesis routes, polymer architecture, and thermodynamic specifications.
Under the Chemical Abstracts Service nomenclature, CAS No. 25322-68-3 identifies Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-hydro-ω-hydroxy-, internationally categorized as Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), Polyoxyethylene (POE), or Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) based on molecular weight thresholds. As one of the most versatile non-ionic, hydrophilic polyether backbones synthesized by industrial chemical complexes, CAS 25322-68-3 exhibits an idealized empirical formula of H(OCH2CH2)nOH, where n designates the average degree of ethylene oxide oligomerization.
Comprising PEG 200 through PEG 600 grades (n ≈ 4 to 14), these entities exist as viscous, clear, hygroscopic liquids at standard temperature (25°C). Characterized by high hydroxyl values (180–600 mg KOH/g), low volatility, and complete miscibility in water, alcohols, and polar organic matrices, functioning as primary reactive diols, humectants, and hydraulic friction modifiers.
Encompassing PEG 1000 through PEG 8000 (n ≈ 22 to 180), shifting from pasty ointments (PEG 1000–1500) into crystalline, white unctuous flakes and spherical beads. Melting points transition sharply between 37°C and 63°C. These variants provide non-ionic solvency, lubricity, water-soluble binding mechanics in metal injection molding (MIM), and controlled dissolution matrices.
Formulations with molecular masses scaling from 100,000 g/mol to in excess of 8,000,000 g/mol transition taxonomically to Poly(ethylene oxide). These super-macromolecules display pseudoplastic rheology, extraordinary hydrogen-bonding capability with silica/clays, pit-filling friction reduction in fluid transfer, and elastomeric viscoelasticity for battery separators and ceramic extrusion.
| Nominal Grade | CAS Number | Average Mol. Weight (g/mol) | Physical Form (25°C) | Hydroxyl Value (mg KOH/g) | Melting / Freezing Point (°C) | Dynamic Viscosity (20°C, mPa·s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PEG 200 | 25322-68-3 | 190 – 210 | Clear viscous liquid | 530 – 590 | -65 to -15 | 55 – 65 |
| PEG 400 | 25322-68-3 | 380 – 420 | Clear viscous liquid | 265 – 295 | 4 to 8 | 105 – 130 |
| PEG 1500 | 25322-68-3 | 1400 – 1600 | White paste / soft wax | 70 – 80 | 44 to 48 | 36 – 42 (at 99°C) |
| PEG 4000 | 25322-68-3 | 3600 – 4400 | White flakes / powder | 25 – 32 | 53 to 58 | 110 – 170 (at 99°C) |
| PEG 6000 | 25322-68-3 | 5400 – 6600 | Micro-pellets / flakes | 16 – 21 | 58 to 63 | 200 – 300 (at 99°C) |
| PEG 20000 | 25322-68-3 | 18000 – 25000 | Hard white flakes | 4.5 – 7.0 | 61 to 65 | 2500 – 4000 (at 99°C) |
Evaluating annual global consumption volumes, feedstock ethylene oxide volatility, and supplier tiering across key manufacturing continents.
The worldwide commercial volume of CAS No. 25322-68-3 crossed 1.85 million metric tons, driven by accelerating consumption in pharmaceutical delivery systems, structural polyurethane prepolymers, advanced automotive lubricants, and solid-state lithium battery solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). Compound Annual Growth Rates (CAGR) remain pegged at 5.8% annually, with Asian manufacturing hubs supplying over 58% of gross planetary tonnage.
Upstream Ethylene Oxide Linkage: Because ethylene oxide (EO) constitutes over 95% of the stoichiometry in polyether synthesis, wholesale PEG pricing exhibits direct structural correlation to purified EO monomer spot rates, crackers' ethylene availability, and energy cracking costs across petro-industrial corridors.
Tier-1 manufacturing operations are concentrated along integrated petrochemical clusters with dedicated pipeline connections for volatile EO. Chinese state-of-the-art facilities leverage continuous tubular loop reactors, high-throughput catalytic alkoxylation arrays, and direct deep-water port logistics (e.g., Ningbo-Zhoushan, Qingdao, Shanghai), ensuring rapid dispatch of both ISO bulk tanks and sea-worthy dry containerized pallet loads to Europe, North America, and the Middle East.
Under strict environmental frameworks, modern factories operate advanced circular ethylene glycol closed-loop reclamation and low-carbon catalytic recovery, ensuring compliance with EU REACH registration quotas and US TSCA mandates.
A granular technical walkthrough of polymerization pathways, molecular weight distribution tuning, and vacuum devolatilization systems.
Ultra-pure monoethylene glycol (MEG) or diethylene glycol (DEG) is charged into an inert nitrogen-purged reactor along with precise micro-doses of potassium hydroxide (KOH) or Double Metal Cyanide (DMC) catalyst complexes.
The catalytic initiator is heated to 110°C–130°C under high vacuum (< 5 mbar) to eliminate residual water molecules down to < 200 ppm, preventing extraneous glycol initiation and preserving tight stoichiometric distribution.
Ethylene oxide vapor is dosed at controlled temperatures (130°C–160°C) and pressures (0.2–0.5 MPa). Ring-opening polymerization proceeds exothermically with continuous high-efficiency heat exchange jacket cooling.
Following post-feed digestion to achieve 100% monomer conversion, the polymer melt undergoes chemical neutralization with synthetic magnesium silicate or phosphoric acid, followed by high-capacity filtration to isolate crystalline salts.
The pure polyether fluid is routed through falling-film vacuum devolatilizers to strip trace 1,4-dioxane and free EO down to sub-ppm levels, followed by pastillation drums or automated nitrogen-blanketed filling stations.
Technical Distinction in Catalysis: Double Metal Cyanide (DMC, typically zinc hexacyanocobaltate) catalysts eliminate unsaturation byproducts (allyl ethers) that plague conventional alkaline KOH catalysis at higher chain lengths. For buyers requiring high-molecular-weight polyethers for specialty polyurethane elastomeric networks or clean metallurgical binders, DMC-catalyzed CAS No. 25322-68-3 offers superior functionality fidelity and narrower polydispersity indices (Mw/Mn ≤ 1.05).
How CAS 25322-68-3 operates as an indispensable material component in metallurgy, electronics, polymer compounding, and chemical processing.
In metal injection molding (MIM) and tungsten/alloy powder pressing, intermediate PEG grades (PEG 1500, 4000, 6000) serve as primary water-soluble sacrificial binders. They provide high green part structural integrity during mold injection and allow rapid, eco-friendly solvent water debinding, drastically reducing furnace cycle times and eliminating surface blistering prior to vacuum sintering.
CAS 25322-68-3 acts as an effective processing aid, internal lubricant, and polar plasticizer in fluoroelastomer (FKM), nitrile rubber (NBR), and Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polybutadiene (MLPB) formulations. It enhances filler dispersion of silica, zinc oxide, and carbon black while preventing die accumulation during high-shear continuous profile extrusion.
In microelectronics fabrication, ultra-pure low-molecular-weight PEG acts as a primary leveler and suppressor in copper damascene acid electroplating baths. The polyether chains selectively adsorb onto planar wafer surfaces, curbing local copper deposition and forcing preferential filling of high-aspect-ratio sub-micron vias without void defects.
High-purity PEO with molecular weight ≥ 300,000 g/mol serves as the benchmark polymer matrix for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. The repeating ether oxygen (-CH2CH2O-) units complex with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), facilitating rapid decoupled lithium ion transport through intra-chain segmental relaxation.
Under pharmacopeial monographs (USP-NF, Ph. Eur., JP), parenteral and oral grades of PEG function as non-toxic, non-immunogenic osmotic laxatives, tablet lubricants, and covalent conjugation agents (PEGylation) that dramatically extend biological half-life and stability of therapeutic proteins, peptides, and oligonucleotide lipid nanoparticles (LNPs).
Used as non-crystallizing flexible polyol segments in non-yellowing aliphatic waterborne polyurethane dispersions (PUDs), imparting exceptional breathability and hydrophilicity in synthetic leather, water-washable digital printing ink formulations, and specialized anti-fogging glass coatings.
Capitalizing on cross-commodity procurement efficiencies by integrating polyethers with metal powders, nitrates, and specialty compressed gases.
Industrial manufacturers utilizing Atomized Spherical Aluminum Magnesium Alloy Powder, Zinc Flake Powder, or custom alloy mixes frequently encounter challenges in feedstock viscosity and grain segregation during pressing. By combining high-purity CAS No. 25322-68-3 (PEG 4000/6000) as an integrated thermal-debinding organic binder, engineering clients obtain optimized compaction density, reduced tool wear, and defect-free burn-off leaving virtually zero carbonaceous ash residues (< 0.02% wt).
This integrated supply model allows metallurgical facilities to consolidate supplier auditing, coordinate single-container multi-product hazardous/non-hazardous maritime shipments, and preserve identical lot traceability across additive production schedules.
Cleanroom wafer manufacturing and planarization lines consume High-Purity Argon, Electronic Helium, and Carbon Tetrafluoride (CF4) in conjunction with chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) slurries where low-polydispersity CAS No. 25322-68-3 controls abrasive particle aggregation.
By supplying electronic-grade polyether additives characterized by sub-ppb heavy metal contamination alongside certified semiconductor gases (Kr, Xe, CF4, Ar), YANXA enables cleanroom procurement teams to satisfy rigorous fab chemistry parameters through a unified ISO 9001 quality infrastructure.
Exploring next-generation bio-ethylene routes, supercritical CO2 alkoxylation, and ultra-monodisperse discrete PEG manufacturing.
Transitioning from fossil-derived naphtha cracking to bio-ethanol dehydration routes (derived from sugarcane or agricultural residues) yields 100% bio-based Ethylene Oxide. The resultant CAS 25322-68-3 offers identical physical performance while reducing Product Carbon Footprint (PCF) by over 68%, satisfying stringent European Green Deal and Scope 3 supply chain decarbonization thresholds.
Conventional alkoxylation produces a Gaussian distribution of chain lengths. Advanced enzymatic iterative synthesis and protective group strategies now unlock discrete monodisperse PEG (dPEG) molecules where every polymer molecule possesses identical chain length (PDI = 1.000). This innovation resolves antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) clearance variance in targeted clinical oncology.
Eliminating volatile organic solvents and hazardous neutralization salts, next-generation pilot lines employ supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a reaction medium. This allows continuous catalytic crystallization of high-molecular-weight Poly(ethylene oxide) with zero moisture entrainment and direct single-step pastillation.
Rigorous verification methodology guaranteeing batch-to-batch consistency, chemical assay verification, and total absence of hazardous impurities.
Determining absolute weight-average (Mw) and number-average (Mn) molecular weights alongside polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) calibrated against certified polyethylene oxide narrow standards with RI detection.
Potentiometric titration of terminal hydroxyl functionalities following esterification with phthalic or acetic anhydride in pyridine, verifying polymer stoichiometry against international ASTM D4274 protocols.
High-sensitivity chromatography quantifying trace residual ethylene oxide (< 1 μg/g) and 1,4-dioxane (< 1 μg/g) down to parts-per-billion detection thresholds, safeguarding food and pharmaceutical grade compliance.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry screening for residual catalytic metals (K, Na, Zn, Co) and hazardous elemental impurities (Pb, As, Cd, Hg) below 0.1 mg/kg limits.
Critical technical and regulatory answers compiled by chemical synthesis engineers and international hazardous cargo specialists.
Complementary performance materials engineered for demanding technical requirements across metallurgy, rubber compounding, and microelectronics.
Custom-engineered multi-component metal and master-alloy powders characterized by targeted grain sizes for thermal spraying and powder metallurgy.
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Ultra-pure cryogenic helium gas fulfilling demanding semiconductor carrier, leak detection, and heat dissipation specifications.
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Industrial through ultra-pure nitrogen grades for chemical blanketing, sensitive reaction purging, and oxidation protection.
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Leafing and non-leafing micro-scale aluminum flakes providing maximum optical reflectivity, thermal barrier protection, and protective pigmentation.
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Functional liquid polybutadiene resin with grafted maleic anhydride groups, serving as a superior adhesion promoter and polymer toughener.
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High-viscosity engineered specialty polyether tailored for elastomeric matrix synthesis, friction dampening, and advanced structural sealants.
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Carboxyl-terminated liquid NBR offering outstanding oil resistance, adhesive bonding, and impact modification for epoxy and phenolic matrices.
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Rare atmospheric noble gas purified to 6N grade, essential for aerospace satellite ion propulsion engines, neuroprotective anesthesia, and lighting.
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